Toscanelli and Columbus: The Letter and Chart of Toscanelli on the Route to the Indies by Way of the West, Sent in 1474 to the Portuguese Fernam Martins, and Later on to Christopher Columbus: A Critical Study on the Authenticity and Value of These Documents and the Sources of the Cosmographical Ideas of Columbus,; Followed by the Various Texts of the Letter, with Translations, Annotations, Several Facsimiles and also a Map

Biblio’s Book Conditions

• As New
  The book is pristine and free of any defects, in the same condition as when it was first newly published.
• Fine (F)
  A book in fine condition exhibits no flaws. A fine condition book closely approaches As New condition, but may lack the crispness of an uncirculated, unopened volume.
• Near Fine (NrFine or NF)
  Almost perfect, but not quite fine. Any defect outside of shelf-wear should be noted.
• Very Good (VG)
  A used book that does show some small signs of wear - but no tears - on either binding or paper. Very good items should not have writing or highlighting.
• Good (G or Gd.)
  The average used and worn book that has all pages or leaves present. ‘Good’ items often include writing and highlighting and may be ex-library. Any defects should be noted. The oft-repeated aphorism in the book collecting world is “good isn’t very good.”
• Fair
  It is best to assume that a “fair” book is in rough shape but still readable.
• Poor (P)
  A book with significant wear and faults. A poor condition book can still make a good reading copy but is generally not collectible unless the item is very scarce. Any missing pages must be specifically noted.